8 Writing Tips for Beginners

8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners 8 Writing Tips for Beginners By Ali Hale Welcome to the awesome universe of composing! Anyway youthful or old you are, composing can be so fulfilling. For certain essayists, it’s a great leisure activity and an imaginative outlet; for other people, it’s a fantasy profession. When you’re simply beginning, you may feel energized yet additionally somewhat plagued †where would it be a good idea for you to start? What do you have to know and learn? The extraordinary thing about composing is that whatever stage you’re at, you can continue developing your abilities and sharpening your art. This applies whether you’re an all out tenderfoot or a top of the line creator: there’s continually something new to learn or attempt. In your initial months (or even years) as an author, these eight hints should help you on your way Tip #1: Try Lots of Different Types of Writing When you’re simply beginning, you probably won't comprehend what you need to compose †you simply need to compose! Or on the other hand, you may have a firm thought of the kind of composing you’d like to do (perhaps you need to be a writer or an artist, for example). As a learner, you’re in an incredible situation to evaluate loads of various sorts of composing, without expecting to focus on one specifically: no-one’s (yet!) requesting your next book. So have a go at a wide scope of kinds and styles †you may amaze yourself with what you appreciate. I never set out to be a consultant (my composing dreams were tied in with being a writer) †¦ however ten years into outsourcing, I despite everything love it, and I’ve composed and distributed three books as well. Tip #2: Read Some Good Writing Blogs or Books †¦ But Not Too Many There are some splendid books and web journals out there that’ll show you the rudiments of composing (and substantially more): Daily Writing Tips is an extraordinary spot to start, obviously! For fiction-essayists, I generally suggest K.M. Weiland’s blog Helping Writers Become Authors, and Nigel Watts’ book Get Started in †¦ Writing a Novel; for true to life journalists, the Copyblogger blog is an incredible perused, as is Joanna Penn’s book How to Write Non-Fiction. One snare that tenderfoot essayists once in a while fall into, however, is that they read and read, attempting to get the hang of everything there is to think about composing †yet they don’t really compose! So don’t get excessively made up for lost time in perusing: ensure you’re likewise putting aside an ideal opportunity to evaluate composing works out, or to build up your own thoughts. Tip #3: Start With Small Projects, Not Book-Length Works In the event that you’ve never composed a lot, propelling straight into a novel most likely won’t work: either you’ll come up short on steam inside a couple of parts, or you’ll continue composing however you’ll end up with a story that needs a horrendous parcel of work to make it publishable. It’s better to sharpen your abilities on littler tasks first: think short stories if you’re a fiction-author, or short articles or blog entries if you’re a true to life essayist. These can be an incredible method to investigate possible thoughts and subjects without focusing on a book-length work straight away. Tip #4: Write Regularly So You Don’t Lose Momentum A few scholars figure you ought to compose each day: by and by, I don’t think that’s excellent guidance. Perhaps your weekdays are occupied, in light of the fact that you work extended periods of time, however your ends of the week are clear. Or then again maybe it’s the other route round: you have some time during the week while your children are at school, yet your ends of the week are pressed with exercises. It’s fine to set a composing plan that suits you and your life †¦ yet ensure you’re permitting yourself an opportunity to compose all the time. On the off chance that weeks pass by without you composing anything, you’ll unavoidably lose force. Composing at any rate once seven days works for the vast majority. For the individuals who need additional assistance battling dawdling, this post has numerous tips to beat a mental obstacle. Tip #5: Use Clear, Straightforward Words While I’m an enormous fanatic of words, and love the sound of some increasingly unordinary ones (varied is one of my top choices!) †¦ I feel that as an author, it’s ordinarily best to keep things basic. Regardless of whether, in school, you got additional imprints for flaunting your amazing jargon, perusers honestly don’t care! You should, obviously, utilize the word that best fits what you mean: some of the time an exact, specialized word is the best decision, regardless of whether it isn’t the most straightforward. Be that as it may, when all is said in done, remember George Orwell’s guidance: â€Å"Never utilize a long word where a short one will do,† and â€Å"Never utilize a remote expression, a logical word, or a language word in the event that you can think about a regular English equivalent.† Obviously that you should utilize clear, right English also. Utilizing a spellchecker isn't sufficient. Editing and altering is fundamental to deliver quality composition. Tip #6: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Mix Past and Present Tense This can some of the time be precarious to get to grasps with when you’re new to composing: however on the off chance that you’re composing bit of fiction, you have to pick among over a significant time span tense. You can recount to the story as if it’s as of now occurred: John rushed down the road. Sue pursued him, incensed. â€Å"John!† she yelled. â€Å"Come back here!† Then again, you can recount to the story as though it’s right now occurring: John hustles down the road. Sue pursues him, enraged. â€Å"John!† she yells. â€Å"Come back here!† What you can’t do is blend over a significant time span: John rushed down the road. Sue pursues him, furious†¦ Once in a while, there’s a spot for changing from past to current state or the other way around †however be cautious that you don’t switch coincidentally. Tip #7: (Fiction Writers) Don’t Use the Same Word Too Often On the off chance that you utilize a similar word over and over inside a short space of time, it can begin to stand apart for the peruser and turn into an interruption from your composition. This is especially valid for strange words (I read a novel as of late by a writer with a specific preference for the word â€Å"stolid†). Here’s a model: John bolted the entryway before opening the letter. He could hear Sue moving around in the kitchen, simply outside the entryway. As he drew the letter from the envelope, there was a thump on the entryway. â€Å"John? What are you doing in there? Open the door!† The word â€Å"door† seems multiple times in that passage, and there’s a threat of it having a somewhat funny impact. A few words are fine to rehash as regularly as you like, be that as it may: minimal ones like â€Å"a†, â€Å"the†, â€Å"and†, â€Å"he†, â€Å"she, etc. With character names, as well, it’s best to simply pick something to call them and stick with it. So don’t attempt to evacuate every single rehashed word †however look out for words or expressions that you tend to over-use. Tip #8: (Fiction Writers) Stick to One Character’s Perspective at once Regardless of whether you’re writing as an outsider looking in as opposed to the primary individual, it’s a smart thought to adhere to only one character’s point of view in some random scene or section †this is called â€Å"third-individual limited† or some of the time â€Å"deep POV† and appears differently in relation to the â€Å"third-individual omniscient† perspective that’s ordinary of exemplary nineteenth century writing. Perusers anticipate this nearby third-individual point of view, and it permits you to give the considerations and perspective of each character in turn †helping the peruser to relate to that individual and to truly get them. Past every one of these tips, however, there’s one thing I need to leave you with: the way that nobody is brought into the world ready to compose. You may not yet have what it takes you need as an essayist †¦ yet you can build up those aptitudes. A year or so prior, my five-year-old girl could just compose a couple of words (and regularly got her letters in reverse); presently, it’s interesting to watch her youngster endeavors at composing stories, messages, and even riddles. Much the same as her, you could think back in twelve months and be shocked at how far you’ve come. Any place you are correct now with your composition, continue working at it, continue appreciating it, and continue finding new things to learn as you come. Good karma! Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Writing Basics classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesThe Writing Process20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

International Evidence on Financial Derivatives

Question: Talk about the International Evidence on Financial Derivatives. Answer: Presentation Money related organizations, for example, banks will in general face numerous limitations as they run their everyday activities. In a perfect world, littler banks will in general face numerous limitations when contrasted with bigger banks. For example, as far as possible the size of banks to its capacity to differentiate its arrangement of advantages. The littler banks are accordingly limited to practically zero broadening of the arrangement of advantages for shield them from negative externalities, for example, disappointment. This examination paper centers around the idea of banks, and money related dangers confronting budgetary organizations. What's more, the exploration centers around hilter kilter data that might be important in talking about the inquiry why the controllers ought not constrain the size of banks to an enhanced arrangement of benefits in spite of the critical negative externalities of disappointments looked by huge banks. Nature of Banks Arrangement of banks relies upon its temperament that is its extension, timing, and degree. In a perfect world, the extent of banks relies upon what it is ordered to perform (Bartram, Brown, and Fehle, 2009, pp.185-206). A few banks have a different arrangement of advantages as specified in their Articles of Association while others have a little arrangement of benefits. Obviously, most little banks will in general be limited to having a little or less broadened arrangement of benefits. What is normal in many banks whether enormous or little is that they are commanded to get stores; they are ordered to make propels with respect to advances, notes, and securities, and the impact transmission of cash starting with one spot then onto the next (Brigham, and Houston, 2012.). The planning of banks relies upon the time span it can offer its arrangement of advantages, for example, credits and bonds. Littler banks will in general have credits with a shorter time of reimbursement while bigger banks will in general have advances or bonds with an increasingly considerable time of reimbursement. The degree of banks relies upon its capacity to withstand introduction to an alternate business line that is its presentation to chance. Budgetary Risks Facing Financial Institutions and Reasons why the Regulators Should Not Limit their Size Credit presentation is one factor that banks face. It is made through any type of credit in which a bank takes part in (Frank, and Goyal, 2009, pp.1-37). For example, if a money related organization gives an advance of $ 2 million to a new company, there will be a hazard that the firm is probably going to default installment. To gauge credit hazard, a bank must ascertain its introduction to credit on its complete advance portfolio about the business. Monetary hazard is characterized as the hazard that includes money related misfortune to a firm. In a perfect world, it emerges from unsteadiness in the money related markets brought about by the development in monetary forms, share costs, and financing costs. As the cash moves starting with one nation or part then onto the next, the bank faces monetary dangers. Thusly, stock costs are inclined to money related dangers since they continue fluctuating. Banks for the most part face five kinds of money related dangers, to be specific: adver tise hazard, credit chance, liquidity chance, operational hazard and lawful hazard. In the first place, showcase chance is a sort of hazard that emerges from the development in the costs of money related instruments, for example, stock costs (Froot, 2008, pp.281-294). To defeat this, banks are required to utilize supporting instruments, for example, fates, forward, choices and trades. The greater part of these money related subordinate instruments are not accessible to little banks and subsequently these banks should expand its arrangement of resources for limit this hazard. This suggests the controllers ought not confine the size of banks as banks could utilize enhancement of the arrangement of resources for decrease their market hazard. Second, credit chance is a sort of hazard that emerges when one neglects to satisfy the commitment of the agreement (Grable, and Roszkowski, 2008, pp.905-923). For instance, if involved with an advance agreement defaults installment or in the event that he neglects to pay inside the assigned, it will bring about credit hazard. In the event that that individual defaults installment, the bank would not have the option to take care of the cash it got from the controllers. Because of this negative externality, controllers will in general cutoff the size of the banks. In a perfect world, the bigger a bank is, the better its capacity to broaden its arrangement of benefits. In the event that as far as possible its size, it won't have the option to grow its arrangement of advantages in this way flirting with disappointment because of the credit hazard. Third, liquidity chance is a sort of hazard that emerges when a bank can't make sure about an exchange (Huang, Zhou, and Zhu, 2012, pp.193-205). For example, if an association demands an advance of $ 5 million, yet the bank needs more fluid money to fulfill its needs. The bank, for this situation, will be supposed to confront liquidity chance. In the event that a bank faces this sort of hazard, the controller will undoubtedly confine its size. Thus, the money related establishment won't have the option to differentiate its arrangement of benefits. Because of this, almost certainly, the bank will experience different kinds of dangers that will in the end lead to its disappointment. This implies controllers ought not constrain the size of banks. Fourth, operational hazard is a kind of hazard that is brought about by operational disappointments of banks, for example, fumble of assets (Turner, 2014). On the off chance that a bank doesn't have a solid or sufficient inner control framework, it will probably confront operational hazard. Obviously, controllers will constrain the size of a bank in the event that it faces this threat since the controllers have an enthusiasm for the banks. The cash that flows in the banks is typically obtained from the controllers. In the occasion, these banks won't have the option to broaden in this way liable to confront negative externalities. To assist keeps money with flourishing in the business, controllers ought not confine their size when confronted with operational hazard. Ultimately, lawful hazard is a kind of hazard that emerges out of legitimate imperatives, for example, when a bank is confronting a claim (Walker, 2009). In the event that a money related establishment faces a lawful hazard, it loses trust according to people in general and the controller. The controller at that point restrains its size since individuals would incline toward getting advances somewhere else. Its capacity to expand diminishes, in this manner gambling conclusion because of the failure to support in the market. Controllers ought to along these lines not limit their size to dodge conclusion. End Banks will undoubtedly confront money related dangers in their typical business activities. These dangers incorporate operational hazard, lawful hazard, liquidity chance, credit hazard, and market chance. In the event that a bank faces these dangers, the controllers will confine its size. A bigger has a superior capacity to expand its arrangement of benefits. In any case, if the controllers decrease its size, it will be not able to differentiate in this way confronting negative externalities. The controllers ought to in this way not limit the size of banks regardless of the negative externalities disappointments it will in general force on the general population, as it will flirt with disappointment. References Bartram, S.M., Brown, G.W., and Fehle, F.R., 2009. Global proof on money related subsidiaries usage.Financial Management,38(1), pp.185-206. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Brigham, E.F., and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of money related administration. Cengage Learning. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Straightforward, M.Z. what's more, Goyal, V.K., 2009. Capital structure choices: which elements are dependably important?Financial Management,38(1), pp.1-37. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Froot, K.A., 2008. The intermediation of money related dangers: Evolution in the calamity reinsurance market.Risk Management and Insurance Review, 11(2), pp.281-294. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Grable, J.E. what's more, Roszkowski, M.J., 2008. The impact of state of mind on the eagerness to take budgetary risks.Journal of Risk Research,11(7), pp.905-923. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Huang, X., Zhou, H., and Zhu, H., 2012. Evaluating the fundamental danger of an expanded arrangement of banks during the ongoing money related crisis.Journal of Financial Stability,8(3), pp.193-205. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Turner, P., 2014. The worldwide long haul loan fee, money related dangers and arrangement decisions in EMEs. Recovered on 14 January 2017. Walker, D., 2009. An audit of corporate administration in UK banks and other monetary industry substances. Recovered on 14 January 2017.

ADHD in Children and Non-Stop Talking

ADHD in Children and Non-Stop Talking Talking too much and blurting out whatever is on one’s mind (whether it is appropriate or not) is a common concern that  parents express. Kids with ADHD often have trouble inhibiting and controlling their responses.?? Instead, they may blurt out whatever first comes to mind without thinking through how their words may be received. The impulsivity and hyperactivity associated with ADHD make it tough to stop and thinkâ€"there is a lack of impulse control and filtering that can be quite off-putting to others, and quite difficult for the person with ADHD who ends up experiencing rejection as a result. Kids (and adults) with ADHD may also monopolize conversations and talk excessively.?? Some parents might refer to it as diarrhea of the mouth. It is like hyperactivity with words. Excessive Talking The first thing to do is to talk with your child’s doctor. Kids with ADHD often have trouble with too much behaviorâ€"too much talking, humming, noises, movement, fidgeting, wiggling, getting into things, etc. This overactivity and the constant struggle with self-control can be very frustrating for the child. Your childs doctor may want to prescribe or change medications or refer your child to a therapist to address excessive talking. If its left unaddressed, it may impair your childs social life. The next thing to do is sit down with your child when they are fairly focused and amenable to talking and problem-solving. Address the talking/blurting out issue with them and come up with a plan to reduce the excessive talking. Your child may be interested in setting up a reward system to help motivate this change in behavior.?? Together with your child, come up with a signal you can give them to help increase their awareness of the times when they are talking too muchâ€"perhaps the signal could be you placing your hand on their shoulder as a reminder to stop when they are going on and on. A physical signal like touching their shoulder is often stronger than a visual signal like a finger to the lips, but you may want to try using both signals together. It might help if you pair the signal with self-talk. In other words, when you place your hand on their shoulder or your finger to your lips, your child says either out loud or in their head, I need to stop myself from talking right now or something similar. This self-talk can often be very helpful, especially for kids with ADHD who tend to lag a bit in their ability to use self-talk to guide their behaviors. You’ll need to provide a lot of modeling, feedback, and guidance to help them to develop this skill.?? Blurting Out For the situations in which your child blurts out inappropriate things, teach them how to delay their response by counting to five before making comments, and then practice, practice, practice. This is another new skill that will require a lot of modeling and assistance from you. Also, it is important to give your child frequent and immediate feedback about their behavior and let them know what they are doing well. Words of praise combined with strong incentives can be very powerful in motivating a change in behavior.??

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding - 1448 Words

Almost everyone knows someone who appears to have grown up without rules or authority figures in his or her life. This person may often act like he or she is better than everyone else. To everyone else, though, this person does not seem to be as civilized as the rest of society. He or she is often rude and inconsiderate and are very mean to others. This happens when no one ever tells the person what he or she is doing is wrong. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, something very similar happens. Young boys have no rules set by an authority figure, and this causes them to decide that they have to make the rules themselves. When some of the boys start to rebel against the rules, the island spirals into a hysteria of savagery.†¦show more content†¦This is shown when Roger is throwing rocks near Henry while Henry is in the water. The narrator shows how Roger is considering whether or not to throw the rocks towards Henry. â€Å"Roger did not consider his escape, but looked from the nuts to Henry and back again† (62; ch. 4). Eventually, Roger does start to throw rocks at Henry. When Henry notices it is Roger throwing them, Roger quickly runs and hides behind a tree so that Henry cannot see him (62; ch. 4). This shows the slow decline of civilization and savagery. Roger knew he should not have been throwing the rocks, but he threw the rocks anyway because he wanted to. There was really no other reason than that he enjoyed it. Along with how Roger treats the littluns is how Maurice treats them. When he and Roger come out of the forest and trample the littluns’ sandcastles, Maurice, perhaps accidentally, kicked up some sand into Percival’s eyes (60; ch. 4). The reasoning the narrator gives for Maurice’s reaction is important, though. â€Å"In his other life Maurice had received chastisement for filling a younger eye with sand. Now, though there was no parent to let fall a heavy hand, Maurice still felt the unease of wrong doing† (60; ch. 4). Then Maurice mumbles some excuse as to why he did what he did (60; ch. 4). This interaction between Maurice and the littluns shows that without parents or adult authority figures

The Diversity Of Multicultural Team Management - 1190 Words

Multicultural team management Summary: Since inevitable change of diversification is taking place in the workforce due to the globalization, therefore, understanding of culture and diversity is of great importance for manager to manage a multicultural team where people has different values, beliefs and conventions. To find out how important culture and diversity are to team management in international business, this article emphasized on the important effects of culture and diversity to multicultural team and the solutions to deal with cultural barriers for manager when effectively managing a team. By comparing different types of cultural issues, results suggested that understanding culture and diversity can enhance effective-decision†¦show more content†¦Managing a multicultural team therefore is a challenge for managers who will meet a worst situation unless realizing the importance of culture and diversity and taking actions to deal with them. False-consensus effect The problem we face when working with people of different cultures is that the false-consensus effect confuses us. The false-consensus effect is a tendency for people to assume that the way we see the world is the same as that of others than they actually do (Rose, Greene, and House 1977). For example, when Maggie was walking along a path on a college campus with her group members, an attractive male came alone to ask for their phone numbers. Meggie refused him immediately and proceeded to say that it would be not appropriate giving phone numbers to strangers since they all have boyfriends. However, Linda, a member in the group, disagreed with Maggie and gave her number to the stranger even though she was not single. When Maggie asking others’ opinions, she was shocked that only one girl agreed with her. What Maggie has just experienced is called false consensus effect. False-consensus effect is more obvious in cultural diverse environment and it will create confusions, misinterpretations, poor decisions and ineffectiveness which are bad for team management. The

Nature Based Therapy Free Essays

Introduction Nature based therapy is not a new concept, our well – being and association with nature is part of the never-ending human quest of who were are and just where is our place in this vast environment which surrounds us. In order to better grasp the topic of nature based therapy or ecotherapy, studies consulted were those pertaining to our connection with nature and our wellbeing. Just how does nature connectedness affect our experiencing of a good life is the subject of the first paper reviewed, by Howell, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Based Therapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A. , Dopko, R. L. , Passmore, H. , Buro, K. (2011). The second paper by Jordan Marshall (2010) describes a the changes to the traditional therapy frame in a the uncertain environment of the outdoors. In taking therapy outside, we work with nature as one of the variables in the therapeutic relationship. The integrative, often experiential approach of nature- based therapy or ecotherapy, is gaining rapid ground in the field of counselling and psychotherapy. My final research paper aims at looking further into this growing field and how it can help those suffering from anxiety, burnout and depression. Article Review A Howell, J. A. , Dopko,R. L. Passmore, H. , Buro, K. (2011). Nature connectedness: Associations with well- being and mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 51 (2), 166-171. Howell, Dopko, Passmore and Buro (2011) delve deeply into the question of our connectedness with nature and how it can be measured as a reflection of our mental well- being. The authors, all from the Grant MacEwen University in Edmonton Alb erta conducted two empirical studies evidencing this association with data demonstrating that connection to nature may be more beneficial to our emotional and social well- being that previously realized. Drawing from the Biophilia hypothesis argued by Harvard evolutionary biologist E. O Wilson in 1984, that human beings have an instinctive, emotional and genetic need to be in contact with nature, Howell et al. , thus hypothesize that â€Å"higher levels of nature connectedness would be associated with higher levels of well-being and with greater mindfulness. † Many studies have been conducted on the subject with various results. Howell et al. , describe a study conducted by Mayer and Franz in 2004 which showed a â€Å"significant correlation between trait nature connectedness and life satisfaction† (p. 66). They are careful to define the word trait and provide a seemingly through review of the qualitative variables in current literature, discussing the changes in definition of well- being by various theorists (Nisbert, Zelenski and Murphy, 2011). The team from Alberta builds upon current research by probing further into the question of the â€Å"whether trait nature co nnectedness was associated with feeling well †¦ and with functioning well †¦ as well as the relations among nature connectedness and a second index of positive mental health, mindfulness† (p. 67). Howell et al. , review a large amount of research, define terminology and uncover new holes in the theories, they then go on to pose the hypotheses: â€Å"are higher levels of nature connectedness associated both with higher levels of well being and with greater mindfulness? † Methodology Howell et al. , conducted two studies using quantitative methods. In the first study, data was collected from 452 university students, primarily female, with â€Å"81. 1% identifying Canada as their country of birth† (p. 167). Using a variety of questionnaires including Mayer and Franz (2004) 14- item Connectedness to Nature Scale, Keyes’ (2005) 40- item, measure of well being and Brown ; Ryan’s (2003) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS). In order to ensure objectivity of results, Howell et al. , balanced these scales by using Paulhus’s (1994) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding which serves to filter out â€Å"unintentionally inflated self-descriptions and impression management† (p 168). In the second study 275 students participated, all students of similar age and demographic as thefirst study. Howell et al. , used a few of the same questionnaires adding the Allo-Inclusive Identity Scale (Leary, Tipsord ; Tate, 2008) as well as the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PMS) (Cardaciotto, Herbert, Forman, Moitra, Farrow, 2008). In an attempt to provide consistency and validity to the results, Howell et al. , provide succinct definitions and examples for some of the questions on these scales in order that the reader better understand the subtle differences in the descriptive statistics of the variables. Results Variables such as connectedness to nature, nature relatedness, allo inclusive identity, emotional well being, psychological well being, social well being, MAAS, PMS awareness and PMS acceptance showed correlations between nature connectedness and well being. Descriptive statistics were measured and then correlated among variables using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Howell et al. , also provided models with hypothesized correlations between nature connectedness, well -being and mindfulness. In the first study â€Å"associations between nature connectedness and well- being and between well- being and mindfulness were significant; however, the association between nature connectedness and mindfulness was not† (p. 168). In the second study , correlations were significant with respect to psychological and social and emotional well being and with the added test scores added to the soup, nature connectedness was found to be significantly correlated to mindfulness. Discussion Howell et al. are satisfied with their consistent findings and that most results of their two studies support their hypothesis and suggest that † nature connectedness is associated with the extent to which people are flourishing in their private, personal lives† (p. 170). Howell et al. do admit that some of the findings were inconsistent with their hypothesis and that future research could examine â€Å"moderators and mediators of the relationship between nature connectedness and mental health† (p. 170). They go onto discuss future research possibilities and challenges, including how nature could be incorporated into other activities to produce maximum therapeutic results. Howell et al. , produced convincing research into the relationship between connectedness to nature and well being. They took into account multiple scales of affect in order to collect their results and carefully described their differences and their impact on the final results. I feel their downfall is in their sample size and demographic and suspect results may be different depending on age and culture. Perhaps new rating scales would need to be developed in order to reflect these differences. Essentially, nature can benefit us all and regardless of the outcome being present within a natural environment will help you learn to experience the moment and perhaps even a renewed vitality in life. Article Review B Jordan, M. , ; Marshall, H. , (2010). Taking counselling and psychotherapy outside: Destruction or enrichment of the therapeutic frame? European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 12 (4), 345-359 We all know that nature can help us feel better, but just how can we take a traditional therapeutic frame outdoors? What would be the challenges and what is the potential of this upcoming field of ecotherapy? Ecotherapy represents â€Å"a new form of psychotherapy that acknowledges the vital role of nature and addresses the human nature relationship† (p. 354) Martin Jordan and Hayley Marshall use relational therapy concepts in order to investigate mutuality and asymmetry and how they may be experienced differently in the great outdoors. Both Jordan ;Marshall are practicing registered psychotherapists and by using their own experiences, they explore both the successes and challenges to the traditional framework of a therapeutic session. Jordan ; Marshall address many fundamental questions including how confidentiality would be addressed in public settings and how timing or the therapeutic session is affected by practicing counselling and psychotherapy outside. They believe that the challenges to the traditional framework could be sorted out between client and therapist and in fact become part of the process . A flexible contract could be drawn up, one open to change. Jordan ; Marshall are careful to provide several definitions of a therapeutic frame, from eh uber- conservative â€Å"Psychotherapy should be carried out in a soundproof consulting room, in a private office in a professional building† (Langs 1982), to â€Å"being seen as a transgression or a dual relationship for the therapist† (Zur 2001). But there are others who believe that the therapeutic boundary should be a dynamic process (Hermansson, 1997) or that the flexibility in the frame is an opportunity for â€Å"deepening the therapeutic work and relationship† (Bridges, 1999). Jordan ; Marshall seem to be covering all bases with their own summary of a therapeutic boundaries,† Working outdoors can throw new light on these traditionally more fixed ideas concerning boundaries and invite an increasingly flexible perspective on issues concerning power and mutuality within the therapeutic relationship† (p. 347). They examine the changes in client therapist relationships and how mutuality must not be equated with equality in terms of the therapeutic relationship. Jordan ; Marshall are not prescribing a recipe for therapy outdoors nor are they saying therapy is better outdoors. Their goal with this paper is to present their experiential findings and observations regarding the challenges various forms of outdoor therapy impart on the traditional therapeutic frame as well as on the relationship between therapist and client. Methodology The qualitative method devised to learn more about the impacts of taking the therapeutic frame outdoors was simple. Jordan ; Marshall began to hold sessions outdoors with their existing clients. They used two types of interactions outdoors: 1. taking the traditional therapeutic frame of one hour into ‘ nearby nature’ and 2. aking clients on excursions where the frame is extended to over a weekend or more. Relational theory concepts were used in order to better understand how the traditional frame of psychotherapy elements such as â€Å"confidentiality and timing of therapeutic work, weather, containment and power dynamics† (p. 347), would be challenged by unpredictable natural environment. The variables of m utuality and asymmetry were also studied in terms of the expanding boundaries in the client – therapist relationship. One case study (in two parts) is presented in order to better grasp the challenges and potential of nature – based therapy. Results Jordan ; Marshall found many potential challenges in taking the therapeutic frame outdoors. In particular, they found that the boundaries between client and therapist, could become challenged. The outdoors provided a neutral environment which fostered mutuality but maintaining some asymmetry in the relationship could be difficult. In taking this frame outdoors, Jordan ; Marshall also found that the structure of the frame itself may need to be reshaped and become more flexible; perhaps the frame becomes an open process, rather than an ultimate set of rules. They also found that sometimes the unpredictability of the environment created more anxiety, both in the client and the therapist and that the establishment of a therapeutic container or the ‘building of a home in nature’ (Berger, 2006) was successful in overcoming some of these obstacles. Discussion The purpose of Jordan ; Marshall’s paper was to provide information on the potential and challenges of taking traditional therapy practice outdoors. Jordan Marshall consulted a vast reference list including one of the founders of nature- based therapy, Ronen Berger and this provided interesting insight into this emerging field. At times the paper felt disorganized and the case presentation split in two halves was confusing. Results were scattered throughout the paper and the methodology was vague and seemingly structureless. Nevertheless, Jordan Marshall got to the gist of the subject and were honest with their results, reporting their own struggles with mutuality and asymmetry when taking clients outside of the traditional hour long frame; â€Å"both clients and therapists can experience a blurring of the boundaries between what is therapy and what is social space† (p357). Jordan Marshall did not however, provide much data as to how many clients they had seen and under what circumstances. Their observations are keen and easily related to when thinking about the traditional therapeutic frame, nevertheless a concrete chart or model, using the relational as well as other theories or approaches, would have been welcome and interesting. Conclusion Overall I found both these articles fascinating and extremely pertinent to my final research paper. Simply being present within a natural environment can help us feel better. Perhaps when taking therapy outdoors and as nature becomes a dynamic third in the therapeutic relationship, the traditional frame will come alive with an emergent creativity and mindfulness nudging us all towards our own true nature. How to cite Nature Based Therapy, Essay examples

Infinity Mirror Essays - Fiction, Literature, Congo Free State

Infinity Mirror Annonymous Joseph Conrad?s novel Heart of Darkness is about a seaman named Charlie Marlow and an experience he had as a younger man. Early in the novel it becomes apparent that there is a great deal of tension in Marlow?s mind about whether he should profit from the immoral actions of the company he works for which is involved in the ivory trade in Africa. Marlow believes that the company is ignorant of the tension between moral enlightenment and capitalism . The dehumanization of its laborers which is so early apparent to Marlow seems to be unknown to other members of the Company?s management. In this story Marlow?s aunt represents capitalism. Her efforts to get him a job are significant because of the morally compromising nature of the work of which she seems totally ignorant. When Marlow expresses doubts about the nature of the work, she replies, ?You forget, dear Charlie, that the labourer is worthy of his hire? (12). It is clear that Marlow has mixed feelings about the whole idea. At one point, trying to justify his actions to himself, he says, ?You understand it was a continental concern, that Trading Society; but I have a lot of relations on the living continent, because it?s cheap and not so nasty as it looks they say? (12). Marlow finally takes the job, however, and tells himself that the pain and unusually harsh treatment the workers are subjected to is minimal. During the tests and the requirements that he has to undergo before entering the jungle Marlow feels that he is being treated like a freak. The doctor measures his head and asks him questions such as, ?Ever any madness in your family (15). In this part of the story Marlow is made to feel small and unimportant. Any feelings or concerns that he has are not important to the company, and as a result, he feels alone. It is only logical that Marlow would have been second guessing his decision and feeling some kinship with the other (black) workers who are exploited, but he does not reveal any such understanding. Upon reaching his destination in Africa, Marlow finds that things are just the same. At the point when he is denied rest after traveling twenty miles on foot he sees things are not going to change. Marlow then tells of how disease and death are running wild through out the area, and the company does nothing in the way of prevention other than to promote those who stay alive. Marlow?s theory on why the manager was in that position was that ?...he was never ill? (25). This is a bad situation for Marlow because he sees his boss as a simple man with little else to offer the company other than to be a mindless foreman over the operation. This is an example of the company stripping self worth from its workers in the sense that it does not encourage or expect input from them. This is all significant because Marlow finds himself in a position where he is giving up a big piece of himself and his beliefs to make money. The tension between capitalism and moral enlightenment in the first twenty pages of this story is evident. Conrad uses Marlow to depict a seemingly good-hearted person caught in the middle of the common dilemma of moral ethics and desire for monetary success. Marlow knows that there is a great deal of repugnance in what he is doing, yet he finds himself forced to deal with it in his own personal way, which is justify it or ignore it. It is clear that the company also is forced to deal with this same issue, but it does it simply by pretending that it is not dehumanizing its entire work force. This blindness allows the Company to profit and prosper, but only at the expense of the lives of the workers in the jungle who have no way to protest or escape and the ?white collar? workers like Marlow who have to live with their hypocrisy.