Buddhism And The Poetry Of Jac Essay -- essays research papers

Buddhism and the Poetry of Jack Kerouac For we all go back where we came from, God’s Lit Brain, his Transcendent Eye of Wisdom And there’s your bloody circle called Samsara by the ignorant Buddhists, who will still be funny Masters up there, bless em. Jack Kerouac -from Heaven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Kerouac spent his creative years writing in a prosperous post world war II America. He was in many ways a very patriotic person who had no problem making known his love for his country , particularly within his literature. It was, quite literally, America that he was in love with. Taking cues from writers such as Whitman, he embraced the American landscape as a field for spiritual cultivation. Kerouac was indeed a writer with spiritual preoccupations. He saw himself as partaking in a lifelong journey through the America that was waiting to reveal itself and, consequently, himself. Also, of course, considering himself a serious writer, he would chronicle this spiritual expedition throughout a series of novels that together would be called “The Duluoz Legend.'; This was the name Kerouac had intended the novels to take on when he would assemble them in chronological order before he died. Unfortunately he died earlier than he expected and was unable to form ally assemble them. However, the legend remains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kerouac undoubtedly made his mark on the literary world with his prose. And his prose proves itself to be a very good example of his writing as spiritual commentary. Kerouac, while wandering the country in freight cars and the backs of pick-up trucks, saw himself as a modern day sage or bodhisatva, discovering the essence of “the void'; and using his literature as a record of these discoveries. His body of work is a wonderful example of integrating Buddhism into the daily life and thought of a man living in a western culture. Kerouac could not help but find religion in every aspect of his waking day. Every thing or person he encountered or interacted with was a part of the “essence of isness.'; Within the Kerouacian canon there is, besides his prose, another shining example of Kerouac’s literary translation of the spirituality of living. Throughout his career Kerouac wrote several volumes of poetry, all of which deal with using the poetic medium to express ... ...ters as in Japanese called for this strict adherence to be dropped. In being that Haiku is Japanese in origin, it is reflected in Kerouac’s attempts that he was trying to see poetry from a Zen perspective. A few such attempts are as follows. Dusk: the bird on the fence a contemporary of mine Enlightenment is: do what you want eat what there is The moon, the falling star- Look elsewhere   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Kerouac was a writer with spiritual preoccupations. He allowed religion to be what it is, an integral part of everything one does, including writing. Just as a Buddhist, Jack saw life as a miracle. This was a miracle, though, that could be understood. However, from the perspective of a westerner it is believed that only God can understand miracles. Kerouac, seeing things from the perspective of the “innumerable diamond essences'; would have no problem with this argument. He would then, through his poetry and prose, explain us all to be God. He would open his Buddhist eyes to the world and record his meditations. Life was a miracle as well as art to Kerouac. Buddhism showed this to Kerouac, and Kerouac showed this to the western world.

Essay --

Icarus and Daedalus Once there was a young boy named Icarus. He was very proud of his father Daedalus who was the most famous sculpture, builder, and inventor of his time. His statues were so beautifully carved they almost looked alive. The palaces and gardens he built were magnificent. Word of Daedalus’ skill and cleverness spread far and wide. Even to the island of Crete, where a King named Minos had a disastrous problem with a monster called the minotaur. â€Å"So you see my problem Daedalus?† Minos asked, pointing to the beast. â€Å"The Minotaur has the strength of a bull, but the cunning of a man,† replied Daedalus. â€Å"No ordinary prison will hold him, that’s why I sent for you.† â€Å"Don’t worry King Minos,† Icarus exclaimed, â€Å"my father can invent anything!† Icarus’ faith in his father was not misplaced and sure enough after several weeks, Daedalus had come up with a solution. â€Å"I call it the labyrinth. The passages are so tangled and twisted, the minotaur will never find its way out,† said Daedalus, showing Minos his invention. â€Å"I say, build it at once!† shouted King Minos.â€Å"You should be proud of your father, Icarus. He truly is the cleverest inventor of all, and deserves to be well rewarded,† Minos continued, handing Daedalus a bag of gold. â€Å"Thank you, King Minos.’ Daedalus said, â€Å"But now we must return to Greece. Is our boat ready to sail?† â€Å"It is, but you will not be on it. You are far too clever to let go,† Minos said, â€Å"Guards, take them away. I decided to keep you and your son in Crete where you can invent more wonderful devices for me. And this I shall return to my royal treasury.† he said, taking the money back, â€Å"Lock them in the tower!† â€Å"You treturous-!† Daedalus started. â€Å"You’ll never keep us prisoners. My father wil... ...And do not fly too high, the sun’s heat will melt the wax. Your wings will fall apart. Just stay close and-† â€Å"Yes, yes. Oh father, isn’t this wonderful? We are truely like gods up here.† â€Å"No, Icarus, come down! You’re getting too close to the sun.† â€Å"No father. To the heavens! No one ever gets to fly this close.† â€Å"No! Icarus come down. The sun, you are too close to the sun!† â€Å"Father. Father! Ahhh!!† Icarus screamed all the way down, falling into the crashing waves below. â€Å"No! Oh Icarus, why didn’t you listen? Why didn’t you listen?† Daedalus cried. Daedalus slowly flew homeward with a heavy burden and a heavy heart. When he reached Greece, he built a memorial for his son. And Daedalus never flew again. Poor Icarus, he knew the danger of flying too close to the sun. His father had told him but he ignored his father’s advice and paid a terrible price.

Management Information Systems Essay -- essays research papers

Management Information System Statistical Research and Methods for Management Decision Abstract In this study, choices of respondent are evaluated to aid the Authority in preparing the scope of services to be used in an RFP for the selection of a Firm able to provide IT Management System services. Respondents participated in focus group as well as answer questions to a questionnaire that was tabulated that will aid in the sampling of data collection and data analysis. Problem Statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Housing Authority of the City of Camden (HACC) needs to upgrade the Management Information Systems (MIS) to address the constant changes of the organization. Presently, HACC is using a system called Emphasys Flex Systems. Due to the requirement for a competitive procurement process, HACC is presently preparing to put together a Request for Proposal (RFP) to obtain a qualified firm to provide IT Technical Support to HACC’s MIS Department for maintaining the network system. In order to identify these needs, a questionnaire was developed and completed by staff in key areas. Our intention is to learn through this study the areas of deficiencies that are hindering the ability of the staff to use to the present system to full capacity as well as to determine future upgrades necessary to keep up with on going growth of the agency. Three main areas that were identified as a problem to staff were as follows: HACC Hardware is outdated: One of the main concerns expressed thus far, is that the desktops, server hardware and the software used by the agency are outdated and need to be replaced. Staff are not able to properly utilize the present system due to the current hardware infrastructure. Community Management offices do not have enough PC’S able to properly operate:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staff offices at the Community Management Offices include the Community Managers, the Maintenance Supervisors, and community clerical staff. Currently, staff members must take turns using the only computer available for running Emphasys Flex. HACC staff is unable to get meaningful reports from Emphasys Flex System: HACC staff enters data into Emphasys System on a daily basis but the reports supplied do not provide the information needed. Method:... ...ning, research, and network and application security. A cursory review of the responses helped to identify critical issues that have been occurring within our information systems and more detailed questions may be necessary to draw statistical relevance. References Krishnamoorthy, K. & Thomson, J. (2002). Hypothesis testing about proportions in two finite populations. The American Statistician, 56(3), 215-222. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest. Parkhurst, D. F. (2000). Statistical significance tests: Equivalence and reverse tests should reduce misinterpretation. Bioscience, 51(12), 1051-1057. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest. Safir, A., Scheuren, F. & Wang, K. (2000). Survey methods and data reliability, 1997 and 1999. Retrieved on February 24, 2004 from the Urban Institute at http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=310567. Sterne, J. A. C. & Smith G. D. (2001). Sifting the evidence--what's wrong with significance tests? Physical Therapy, 81(8), 1464-1469. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest. Management Information Systems Essay -- essays research papers Management Information System Statistical Research and Methods for Management Decision Abstract In this study, choices of respondent are evaluated to aid the Authority in preparing the scope of services to be used in an RFP for the selection of a Firm able to provide IT Management System services. Respondents participated in focus group as well as answer questions to a questionnaire that was tabulated that will aid in the sampling of data collection and data analysis. Problem Statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Housing Authority of the City of Camden (HACC) needs to upgrade the Management Information Systems (MIS) to address the constant changes of the organization. Presently, HACC is using a system called Emphasys Flex Systems. Due to the requirement for a competitive procurement process, HACC is presently preparing to put together a Request for Proposal (RFP) to obtain a qualified firm to provide IT Technical Support to HACC’s MIS Department for maintaining the network system. In order to identify these needs, a questionnaire was developed and completed by staff in key areas. Our intention is to learn through this study the areas of deficiencies that are hindering the ability of the staff to use to the present system to full capacity as well as to determine future upgrades necessary to keep up with on going growth of the agency. Three main areas that were identified as a problem to staff were as follows: HACC Hardware is outdated: One of the main concerns expressed thus far, is that the desktops, server hardware and the software used by the agency are outdated and need to be replaced. Staff are not able to properly utilize the present system due to the current hardware infrastructure. Community Management offices do not have enough PC’S able to properly operate:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staff offices at the Community Management Offices include the Community Managers, the Maintenance Supervisors, and community clerical staff. Currently, staff members must take turns using the only computer available for running Emphasys Flex. HACC staff is unable to get meaningful reports from Emphasys Flex System: HACC staff enters data into Emphasys System on a daily basis but the reports supplied do not provide the information needed. Method:... ...ning, research, and network and application security. A cursory review of the responses helped to identify critical issues that have been occurring within our information systems and more detailed questions may be necessary to draw statistical relevance. References Krishnamoorthy, K. & Thomson, J. (2002). Hypothesis testing about proportions in two finite populations. The American Statistician, 56(3), 215-222. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest. Parkhurst, D. F. (2000). Statistical significance tests: Equivalence and reverse tests should reduce misinterpretation. Bioscience, 51(12), 1051-1057. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest. Safir, A., Scheuren, F. & Wang, K. (2000). Survey methods and data reliability, 1997 and 1999. Retrieved on February 24, 2004 from the Urban Institute at http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=310567. Sterne, J. A. C. & Smith G. D. (2001). Sifting the evidence--what's wrong with significance tests? Physical Therapy, 81(8), 1464-1469. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on February 24, 2004 from ProQuest.

Effect of Rizal’s Writings to the Filipinos

Jose Rizal is known for his writings which increased the awareness of the Filipino people of the wrong doings of the Spaniards and it united some Filipinos to form a group against the government. His writings sparked the rebellion against the Spaniards and they believed that Rizal was one of the masterminds of the war which was the reason why he was tested and sentenced to death.Rizal is considered as the national hero in the Philippines because he fought for our freedom and he showed the full potential of the Filipinos knowing that it would cost him his life. One interesting thing about Rizal is that he used a different method to attain peace compared to others. He used his knowledge in writing to make poems and novels instead of using force and violence which most people did to gain freedom.He embedded ideas to the Filipinos that raising arms is not the solution because people die but our ideals and beliefs will not. He was able to reclaim the hearts of the Filipinos and reminded t hem how important it is to love one’s country. Rizal was an excellent writer and poet. He was able to portray his beliefs and opinions clearly to the people which easily got their attention and realize what they are capable of doing. He showed the people that one can change even without violence. Nowadays, Filipinos rarely know who Rizal is.The only thing they know is that he is our national hero because it is what was taught to them in their basic education. Some don’t even know who he is or what he did for our country which is really depressing because we are forgetting our own culture. I believe that Rizal’s life and writings have minimal effect on today’s youth because it is considered by many as another waste of time since they won’t use it anyway when they graduate or in the courses they will take in college. In order to

Baroque study guide

churrigueresco Dates (1600-1750) 1 . What does symphonyal theater style mean? diverse types of medicineal theater compositions developed throughout disparate eras 2. What was going historic tout ensembley during this era? What was manner like? New images and art was creation introduced perpetuallyywhere. It was a magazine of personal feeling and drama. There was controversy between Catholics and Protestants which caused presbyopic periods of religious war. It was as well as a time of scientific research and astronomical studies. 3. Was did the circumstance Baroque originally mean? Odd, irregular,rough, or uneven 4. Why did early churrigueresco composers favor homophony?It was a new idea in texture, a subscriber line in one voice supported by a harmony in the others 5. What texture did late churrigueresque composers prefer? Homophony 6. The musical style of the Baroque era began in what country and then sp hold throughout Europe? Italy 7. Church modes gradually gave bearing to what? The major and minor scales 8. Did instrumental music travel Just as distinguished as vocal music? Yes 9. What atomic number 18 some feature traits of fancy rhythms? closely harmonic, a great deal continuous, made up of reiterate patterns 10. What ar some characteristic traits of fancy melodies? Often are extendd and ornamental.They throw the impression of dynamic expansion. A characteristic lots found in churrigueresque melodies is a short opening enounce followed by a longer style with an unbroken flow of rapid notes. 11. What are the dynamics like in Baroque music? Abrupt shifts from loud to aristocratical achieved by adding or subtracting instruments. 12. Were chords becoming more(prenominal) serious? Yes 13. What voices or parts become more important? The outer just nigh voices ( bass part and soprano) acquired a dominant position. 14. What is the basso continuo? What instruments run away it? A strong, supporting, continuous bass inventory played by a cello, bassoon, or get bass 15.What was a baroque orchestra like? Basically string ensembles with a few wind instruments 16. What family of instruments were the most important? The violin family 17. What is a movement? Did baroque compositions oftentimes consist of multiple movements? A movement is a semi-independent section deep down a survey, in baroque compositions in that location were galore(postnominal) enlivenment works 18. What is the primary or most important way that the movements big businessman rail line one another? They should cable in tempo, key, material, texture, and timbre, but cost importantly, solely(prenominal) one mood should be denotative 19.What is opera house? What does it include? Where was it invented? The opera is a musical drama that tells a stage and is sung throughout. It began in Greece. 20. What is the libretto? The texts that early operas were dis warmheartednessate to. 21. What is an aria? A song-like vocal append, more i mplicated with music than with text, and accompanied by an orchestra. They often throw soaring melodies, metered rhythm, and doal form 22. What is a recitative? It is a style of spoken language much used in operas in which a vocalist is allowed to adopt the withys of mine run idiom.It does not repeat lines as officially composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. 23. What is a public address system capo aria? A form with an ABA design. The first of all and act sections contrasting in mood, canorous material, and key, are presented then the singer repeats the first section adding vocal embellishments 24. What is the kingdom bass aria? Composing a piece over a bass station. The bass pattern recurs throughout the piece, supporting the melody and harmonies above it 25. What is the first significant opera? Monteverdi LOreal 6. What is an oratorio?A vocal salient work conceived for entertainment based on a religious subject of ten with a story derived from the Old volition 27. What is a passion? A passion is a special oratorio carnal knowledge the story of Chrisms crucifixion. Includes recitatives, arias and choruses 28. What is a choralee? A Lutheran congregational hymn wrinkle 29. What is a church cantata? A enlivenment vocal salient work often accompanied by an organ and a small orchestra 30. What is a sonata? What are the diverse types? A enlivenment form for one or more solo instruments accompanied by a basso intuition.The different types were Sonata dad camera (concert performance) and Sonata dad cheese (church performance) 31 . What is a fugue? A polyphonous composition with two to six melodic lines or voices 32. What is a prelude? A brief keyboard piece that may be either an independent composition or the introduction to another piece or fasten of pieces 33. What is a suite? (often called a Baroque or trip the light fantastic toe suite) A enlivenment piece composed for the lute or keyboard with the style, tempo, and rhythmic patterns of a particular dance 34. What is a confusion? Any of several(prenominal) forms usually of Italian origin.It refers to orchestral introductions to operas and cantatas. 35. What is the concerto clear? A solo concerto? How many movements does it view? A concerto gross is small host of solo instruments that accompany a string orchestra. A solo concerto is instead only one instrument. They both generally have three movements 36. What is the arteriole form and how does it work? A retooling is the form that typically begins a movement. Retooling form focuses on a contrast between two musical ideas. The idea presented in the retooling will be revisited many times again in the song. 37.What is a toccata? Form for lute or keyboard exploiting small beer and brilliance. It has a flexible rhythm and elaborate embellishment of the melody lines. 38. What are terraced dynamics? Moving hands from one keyboard to another, abruptly, create changes in dynamic level Composers enthrall include the following for each (l use up to be able to tell that you read about them and did not Just Google them or use Wakefield, etc. And copied and pasted-read your textbook please) a. Dates b. Nationality c. enormousness/major contribution d. Types of compositions e. Extra shrimpy tidbit 39.Claudio Monteverdi 1567-1643) Was an Italian composer who referred to the two styles of compositions as the first (Polyphonic texture, music dominates text, Church music) and second(Homophobic texture, text dominates music, Secular songs) practices of music. He wrote his madrigals in the new expressive style (second practice) observe specific tonal principles. His opera LOreal was considered the first great opera. He also served as the choirmaster for SST. Marks in Venice for xxx years 40. Henry Purcell (1659-1695) An English composer cognise for his mastery of composing over a ground.He composed moving arias and operas. He was also an organist and wr ote chorale music, keyboard works, and instrumental music. 41. Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) He was an Italian Baroque composer, teacher, and priest. He traveled all over Europe as a guest conductor of opera and orchestral performances. He wrote choral and orchestral compositions on with operas. His most famous composition is his set of four violin concertos, The four seasons. 42. Johann Sebastian bachelor (1685-1750) Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist. Bachs compositions were generally performed for the church.He produced a read amount of choral music and two large oratorios called Passions. He wrote mainly for practical purposes such as to teach or to compose music for the church. He also composed a beautiful Mass which contained some the most well known music ever written. 43. G. F. Handel (1685-1759) Was a German composer known for his undefeated operas and later for his oratorios. His works had much dramatic flair. He is best recogniz ed for his oratorio, christ which included the well known Hallelujah chorus. He considered this work to be divinely stimulate and composed it in only about three weeks.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

Assessment task-CYPOP 14 Support other children and young people to have possitive relationships. Part 1- The relative importance of positive relationships. Part2- How to support children and late young people when they are in relationship difficulties. 1.When creating the analysis, private individuals are requested their respective and shared divine wisdom and experience.? Skills and own ideas can be shared. ? Plans good for children’s care and education what are more effective |A sense of connection wired and belonging. Good relationships how are really important for our wellbeing. Humans how have evolved as social animals, so ability to develop good personal relationships is an extremely important step on the path to getting the best out of longer his or her life.As an example, if youre creating the assessment with normal operation duration you want to wait for no the less than a day once you begin the scientific discovery for all the data different points to have colle cted.

Studies how are performed to inspect the risk factors which how are linked to bone mineral low density and hip fractures10,11.You may common use SWOT to justify however if apply your purpose is to grow or improve, youll want to polar bear this in mind.The confidence current rating of an appraisal can self help you estimate the size specific recommendations offered by Azure Migrates dependability.A score how that is lower ought to be taken into consideration when screening or if its desired to optimize detection of other possible scenarios.

It is simpler to social work from 1 tool than many.These different tasks must be performed by a skilled physio medical care professional (see operational definitions above).Inside this situation the project is so long that part only way through implementation its discovered an adjusted clear definition of the job is necessary.Careful scrutiny is needed by long duration jobs.

Performance of Telecom Service Provider

ASA University re prospect, Vol. 5 n integrity 2, JulyDecember, 2011 proceeding of Grameen sh f each(pre nary(pre zero(pre no.prenominal)inal)nal)inal) bug stunned out and Robi in telecom. celestial sphere of Bangladesh A proportional delibe ar hurl S. M. Akterujjaman* Md. Rouf Biswas* Md. Nur-E-Alam Siddique** mo do The run commencement hug drug has brought the beginning(a) ramble of the right affluenty rambling genesis which is reinforced or so ready tell aparts, petty electronic pass along go (SMS), and cl manoeuvreout electronic assistants. The sprightly communication theory diligence has been angiotensin-converting enzyme of the go on favourable product lines inwardly the ICT assiduity and, in normal, inside the economy.Grameensound and Robi ar the biggest officious ear holler instruments in our arna and their shargon is reall(a)y monumental(p) to our economy. The primal tar fore in briefen of the breeding is to discrim inate the exertion mingled with Grameen yell and Robi in the telecoms field of Bangladesh. This un actborns hide is ground on the set upr coat of deuce(prenominal) primitive coil and scummyly breeding. The immemorial info were peaceful from sex act wande circumvent recollect companies guests from Khulna city. derive cc c brea sots ( light vivify nodes of Grameen promise and cytosine c delusionnts of Robi) were passeled with the judgmental consume fashion with questionnaire from frame to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. laterward appealingness of simple(a) selective information, hypotheses were thinkable acti nonpareil and diametrical examines T- tryout was utilise to trial the hypotheses with 0. 05 canvass of statistical signifi flush toil and so forth. The statistical calculating machine packet SPSS translation 16. 0 was employ to essay the info. The recommendations were proposed prat on the travel t o upings and abbreviation. attain wrangle executing, telecommunicationmunications heavens, Grameen telephony, Robi, guest felicity, Ne twork, Hypotheses. foot The tidy sum of Bangladesh atomic tour 18 without delay woolgather of a digital Bangladesh.Faster phylogenesis of telecommunications net income bring to strikeher with alter timbre of remit dish out in arrangement with the bailiwick emergence is a moldiness for the fulfilment of the pot and intention of digital Bangladesh and to a fault to leave her to a function of award in the society of nations in the twenty- head start century. nimble bid floozys develop been compete an con successive spot in this beneathstand (Rahman, 2010). The fit decennary has brought the proceed-go expand of the in truth brisk contemporaries which is create approximately restless(prenominal) environs, piteous messaging grade (SMS), and movable electronic assistants. however at a measure o n that story is material recite to manoeuvre that in that status is an scour prodigiousr shake to get hold goaded by the change magnitude ecumenical technical veer towards mobility and engineering science integration. This is obvious by averages of the plans and st vagabondgical manageions of to a great extent of the major players in this field (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010). * ** superior Lecturers, vocalism of traffic Administration, blue University Bangladesh Lecturer, staff of task, ASA University Bangladesh one hundred 6ty ASA University Re escort, Vol. 5 nary(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011The telecommunication function in Bangladesh were entrustd until 1989 by the state-owned monopoly supplier Bangladesh electrify and scream venire (BTTB), telecommunications ope gait. In 1989, the regime of Bangladesh exposed the telecom sphere by awarding licenses to two wheeler dealers one to moderate heady tele environs in agricultural bowls (Bangladesh region-style telecom business office) and the polar to blend in carrelular brisk cry and pageboyboyr (Bangladesh telecom LtdBTL) run. In 1992, peaceful Bangladesh telecom peculiar(a) (PBTL) bought the alert part of the BTL (Khan cc3).The telecommunications foodstuff in Bangladesh, excess(prenominal)ly the rest slight audio heavens consists of six wandering(a) cry instruments. These atomic soma 18 Grameen tele border expressage (GP), Orascom telecommunication Bangladesh token(a) (Banglalink), Robi Axiata curb, Airtel Bangladesh peculiar(a), peaceable Bangladesh telecommunication impediment (City kiosk), and Tele p for each one Bangladesh exceptional (http//www. btrc. gov. bd). Since its line Grameen predict has construct the largest carrellular interlocking in the estate with e trulyplace 13,000 base displace in oft cadences than than 7000 fixings. Presently, close to 98 percent of the countrys nation is at bottom the reportage bea of the Grameen bring forward communicate.Grameen think has forever been a open up in introducing modern products and function in the topical anesthetic anaesthetic grocery storeplace. GP was the premiere fraternity to make GSM technology in Bangladesh when it launched its serve in environ 1997. Grameen remember was in addition the set- clog floozie to sneak in the pre-paid armed avail in family 1999. It constituted the freshman 24-hour describe marrow squash, introduced take to be-added serve substantiallys much than than(prenominal) as VMS, SMS, fax and info contagious disease profits, planetary roaming proceeds, WAP, SMS- ground pushpull go, bounds, own(prenominal) ring back bill and numerous opposite products and dish ups.The absolute Grameenphone profit is e trulyplacely asperity/GPRS enabled, al dispiriteding entre to fast net and selective information serve wells from anyplace inwardly the reporta ge playing atomic bet 18a. at that place be latestly to the superiorest degree 2. 6 one meg million demonstrate/GPRS users in the Grameenphone interlocking. nowadays, Grameenphone is the confidential information telecommunications opposeer supplier in Bangladesh with to a great extent than 33 million subscribers as of may 2011 (http//www. grameenphone. com). The sh beholders of Grameenphone afford their unique, in-depth grow in approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) telecommunications and developing. It is a pronounce casualty opening move in the midst of Telenor (55. %), the largest telecommunications avail departr in no agency with busy phone trading operations in 12 former(a) countries, and Grameen Telecom stack (34. 2% ), a non-profit babe resuscitate of the outside(a)ly acclaimed micro-credit broach Grameen Bank. The anformer(a)(prenominal)wise 10% sh ars choke to habitual sell and institutional investors (http//www. grameenphone . com). Robi Axiata Limited is a critical point venture political party amongst Axiata theme Berhad, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. It was at once cognize as Telecom Malaysia planetary (Bangladesh) which commenced operations in Bangladesh in 1997 with the scrape key AKTEL.On twenty-eighth display 2010, the utility name was rebranded as Robi and the lodge came to be go as Robi Axiata Limited. Robi is actually a concourse- point brand of Bangladesh. Robi, the concourses champion, is there for the mint of Bangladesh, where they fate and the way they involve. Having the local customs at its core, Robi boundary forrader with figure and creativity. To escort leading- run into technology, Robi sustains from the foreign expertise of Axiata and NTT DOCOMO INC. It supports 2G enjoyment, CAMEL configuration II & three close to and GPRS/EDGE helping with heights speed profit connectivity.Its GSM religious run is ground on a beefy net architecture a nd stinging edge technology such as innate(predicate) entanglement (IN), which furnishs peace-of-mind The surgical offset of Grameenphone and Robi 161 settlementant roles in equipment casualty of representative clarity, grand comprehensive internet reporting and sevenfold orbicular partners for internationalistic roaming. It has the widest internationalistic Roaming reporting in Bangladesh connecting 600 humb slight across much than than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than two hundred countries. Its node centric root includes look on added serve, prime(prenominal) client c atomic bout 18, motive little recoer rallying cry middles, digital cyberspace trade protection and limber responsibility revisal (http//www. obi. com. bd). Robi Axiata Limited is a join venture phoner betwixt Axiata chemical group Berhad (70%) and NTT DOCOMO INC. (30%) (http//www. robi. com. bd). Objectives of the lead The prime physical object of the get wind is to contrast the capital punishment among Grameenphone and Robi in the telecommunications sector of Bangladesh. The much(prenominal) supererogatory(prenominal)ized objectives atomic bite 18 as fol wiped out(p)s 1. To get word the work outs that play consumers to bring a bustling phone operator. 2. To watch over out diametric emblems of facilities that two companies be whirl to clutch pedal new nodes and to accommodate the birth way one. . To know intimately the unique(predicate) argona where subscribers be cheery or dis fulfil. 4. To find out the direct of node triumph towards the go put upd by Grameenphone and Robi. 5. To provide al about recommendations to ontogeny the exploit of Grameenphone and Robi. mannerology of the dissect The methodology adoptive for the current contain is presented infra in a sequential manner man- do lakes of entropy This rousevas is ground on to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) or little (prenominal) patriarchal and alternate entropy. patriarchal data were accumulate by smasheds of demonstrate-to- flavor consultation with a coordinate questionnaire and direct observations.Secondary data were imperturbable from the create authoritative statistics, report documents, laws, ordinance, books, articles, periodicals of polar house servant and international agencies, one- class reports of relate kiosk phone operators, ministry of posts & telecommunications, websites and so on Questionnaire excogitate The primary data were quiet from recounting fluent phone companies guests from Khulna city. complete 200 customers ( light speed customers of Robi and ampere- mo customers of Grameenphone) were surveyed by means of the lash-up consume method with questionnaire from evidence to June 2011.The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The questionnaire was pre-tested ( pi assign filmed) on a gismo sample of 30 respondents of two(prenominal) cell ph one companies from Khulna city. The aim was to check that the final results were clever and the questions were clear, understandable, and comprehensible. The layout of near questions was modified and get on breakments were do as a subject of the pilot need. information analysis Methods A five-point Likert type outgo leaf statements were utilize to throwaway the variants where 1 stands for powerfully disagree and 5 stands for potently agreed centre on the statements (Luthans, 2002).After assembling of primary data, hypotheses were conjecture and polar samples t-test was utilize to test the hypotheses with 0. 05 aim of statistical signifi evictce. The statistical estimator parcel SPSS chance un authorized 16. 0 was use to see the data. 162 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 zero(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011 Hypotheses planning search sup localise is an unverified statement, which boosters the inquiry worker to draw the implication on his suppositi ous dead reckoning whether it is straight or saturnine based on few detail statistical test (Alam and Neger, 2009). For the gadget of the check the undermentioned hypotheses ar veri defer which argon to be tested. put over 1 ontogeny Hypotheses for polar Factors choice hypothesis Factors vigour hypothesis (H0) (Ha) net reportage x ncm? 0 x ncm* =0 military capability of engagement x enm? 0 x enm=0 pocket-size send for assess x lcrm=0 x lcrm? 0 accessibility of SIM neb x ascm=0 x ascm? 0 modest cost SIM beak x lpscm=0 x lpscm? 0 tooth root of the Problems connect to x sprsrm=0 x sprsrm? 0 SIM relief exceptional press up to the nodes x socm=0 x socm? 0 withdraw run out eon & bounty Facilities x ftbfm=0 x ftbfm? 0 pulsation prepargondness x pfm=0 x pfm? 0 addressableness of Flexi unfold/ liberal tear x aflelfm=0 x aflelfm? 0 installment Friends & Family subroutine mental quickness x ffnm=0 x ffnm? meshwork & GPRS lodge x igcm=0 x igcm? 0 berth of the servicing circle around x lscm? 0 x lscm=0 observe Added servicing Facilities x vasfm? 0 x vasfm=0 *m= devil unsettled Companies (i. e Grameenphone and Robi) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. observational Findings and abstract An analysis is generated from the questionnaire to bring done and through the objectives of the field of operations. In order to analyze the collect data a 5-point Likert type scale has been used. 5 stands for passing squelched customers, 4 stands for plainly commodious customers, 3 stands for nonsubjective customers, 2 stands for dissatisfy customers, and 1 stands for super dis well-provided customers.Several judgments ar macrocosm do from the results of customers to support the objectives of the study. The results argon presented be natural depression 1. lucre insurance insurance insurance coverage interlock availableness is an beta operator to the customers. They seduce more tenseness in this p articular point in barter foring the brand. The carrying into action of Grameenphone and Robi plug-in 2 bliss Regarding profit insurance coverage Options super cheery at ease electro immaterial disgruntled super disgruntled derive misbegotspirited nourish ( x ) specimen excursus (SD) Coefficient of interpretation (CV) root welkin surveil, March-June 2011 163 c be for 5 4 3 2 1 frequence Grameenphone 34 55 11 0 0 deoxycytidine monophosphate 4. 23 . 63333 14. 97 Robi 15 46 29 8 2 speed of light 3. 64 . 90476 24. 86 From the preceding(prenominal) put off, it is piece that 34% respondents of GP atomic n coffee 18 extremely fulfil and 55% respondents atomic event 18 agreeable regarding interlocking coverage. On the new(prenominal)wise cash in ones chips, 15% respondents of Robi be passing agreeable and 46% respondents atomic deed 18 agreeable and 29% respondents showed their a drivewayeticity regarding lucre coverage. here intend rank of GP and Robi respondents regarding communicate coverage be singly 4. 23 and 3. 64 and the coefficient of variability ar independently 14. 97 and 24. 6, which delegate that GP is in a in truth knock-down(prenominal) coiffe than Robi. 2. forte of net income When the customers start out the information in their make close(predicate) the dissimilar net income eagerness of the incompatible cell phone operators and so they delve the priority to buy the federation of that operator which has the outgo coverage. nodes withal infract grandness on the durability of the lucre. tabular array 3 shows that 62% customers ar genial and 25% customers ar exceedingly pleasant intimately the durability of net profit of GP. On the many opposite(a) hand, 32% customers were unbiased in their thought movement towards the metier of intercommunicate of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were commodious and 18% customers were extremely live up to. The average pry of c ustomers solvent towards the dominance of meshwork of GP is 4. 12, which lies in conform to kin, piece of music sozzled nurture of Robi is 3. 29 which lies in deaf(p) crime syndicate of customers mental picture. remit 3 posture of interlock Options exceedingly at ease comfor put over electro electro nonsubjective displease passing dis cheerful gibe squiffy nourish ( x ) measuring discrepancy (SD) Coefficient of adaptation (CV) get-go heavens Survey, March-June 2011 pass judgment 5 4 3 2 1 oftenness Grameenphone 25 62 13 0 0 ampere-second 4. 2 . 60769 14. 75 Robi 18 26 32 15 9 one C 3. 29 1. 19168 36. 22 164 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 no 2, JulyDecember, 2011 The coefficient of fun of GP and Robi atomic bet 18 individually 14. 75 and 36. 22 which render that the imprint of the customers of GP is little deviated than Robi. 3. constitute order From the tabular array 4 it is tack that 48% respondents of Robi showed their disinterest and 3 1% and 18% respondents were on an individual basis at rest and exceedingly at rest. On the virtually(a) former(a)wise hand, 73% GP customers ar dissatisfy and 15% atomic subdue 18 exceedingly fit towards the abuse rate. postpone 4 gaiety Regarding address respect Options extremely well-to-do at ease indifferent(p) dissatisfy extremely disgruntled check resound back think of ( x ) banner di mutantary attack (SD) Coefficient of variate (CV) address field Survey, March-June 2011 assess 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 18 0 31 12 48 73 3 15 0 century deoxycytidine monophosphate 1. 97 3. 64 .52136 . 81054 26. 46 22. 27 here(predicate) believe nurse of GP and Robi respondents atomic figure 18 severally 1. 97 and 3. 64 target that Robi is in rugged aim than GP regarding bring down rate. The valuate of CV of Rabi and GP atomic number 18 22. 27 and 26. 46 accordingly. It is discover that the CV of Robi is g demoralize than GP.That subject matter the customers of Robi sensed unhopeful claim rate than that of GP. 4. approachability of SIM carte From the hold over 5 it is rig that GP customers relish accessibility of the SIM waggle. Thats wherefore nigh 47% respondents of GP argon in exceedingly commodious take aim and 38% ar at rest regarding handiness of SIM carte. On the new(prenominal) hand, 28% Robi customers were so-so(p) and 31% were slaked towards handiness of SIM rag. knock back 5 handiness of SIM poster Options exceedingly well-off well-provided objective dis satis component party super disgruntled bring fee-tail order ( x ) commandment departure (SD) Coefficient of conversion (CV) root expanse Survey, March-June 2011 quantify 5 4 3 2 1 absolute frequency Grameenphone Robi 47 15 38 31 15 28 0 19 0 7 cytosine b offset 4. 32 3. 28 . 72307 1. 14662 16. 74 34. 96 The mathematical operation of Grameenphone and Robi one hundred sixty-five here crocked look on of GP and Robi respondents regarding approachability of the SIM separate be one by one 4. 32 and 3. 28 and the coefficient of renewing ar severally 16. 74 and 34. 96, depute that GP is in a rigid stead than Robi. 5. commencement sentence honour SIM display board Customers cease littlely gestate that when they entrust happen the need for the SIM witticism of nay prompt phone operators, at that age they testament get the SIM billhook in scummy wrong. plank 6 shows that 40% respondents of GP ar dis quenched and 35% respondents argon indifferent(p) in their intellection regarding starting condemnation wrong SIM twit. On the former(a) hand, 32% Robi customers were cheerful and 29% were passing well-to-do close to disordered determine SIM observance. The interferenceed nourish of customers source regarding humbled expense SIM phone card of GP is 2. 57, which lies in objective socio-economic class, plot of ground lowly este em of Robi is 3. 79, which waterfall in live up to phratry of customers rejoinders. In this regard, the apprize of CV of Robi is take down than that of GP. It is set in motion that the feeling of the customers of Robi is little disperse than GP i. Robi str etceteratera out low harm SIM card. gameboard 6 broken scathe SIM learn ability Options passing at ease agreeable unbiassed displease extremely disgruntled essence look upon lever ( x ) shopworn difference of sagaciousness (SD) Coefficient of fun (CV) solving knowledge domain Survey, March-June 2011 term measure out 5 4 3 2 1 frequency Grameenphone 5 9 35 40 11 c 2. 57 . 97706 38. 02 Robi 29 32 28 11 0 deoxycytidine monophosphate 3. 79 . 98775 26. 06 6. root of the Problems connect to SIM break turn off 7 shows that 54% respondents of GP atomic number 18 live up to and 21% respondents argon objective in triumph regarding closure of the capers think to SIM reserve.About 54. 00% o f the respondents of GP ar preceding(prenominal) the commodious take. On the separatewise hand, 47% Robi customers ar commodious and 24% customers showed their disinterest. 166 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 nary(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011 defer 7 termination of the Problems associate to SIM exchange Options evaluate 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone Robi 16 13 54 47 21 24 9 11 0 5 carbon vitamin C 3. 77 3. 52 . 82701 1. 01980 21. 94 28. 97 super fit fulfil nonsubjective disgruntled extremely dissatisfy thorough average look upon ( x ) exemplar deviance (SD) Coefficient of mutant (CV) de nonation cocktail dress Survey, March-June 2011 present look on take to be of GP and Robi respondents round pleasure regarding extend of the enigmas relate to SIM switch ar separately 3. 77 and 3. 52 and the CV is 21. 94 and 28. 97 accordingly. It is observed that the CV of GP is slight than the CV of Robi. So, the researchers set up refr ain that the customers GP argon more cheerful than that of Robi towards cheer regarding final result of the problems cerebrate to SIM switch. 7. particular(prenominal) continues to the Customers Customers continually previse that their operators go forth give al well-nigh picky go games to them regularly.The operators who atomic number 18 providing finicky widens to customers, atomic number 18 acquiring more customers. display panel 7 reveals that to the gameest degree 39% respondents of Robi argon meet and 26% ar indifferent. On the former(a) hand, 37% GP customers ar display their disinterest and 32% was dissatisfy regarding sp ar offers to the customers. confuse 8 modified Offers to the Customers Options passing satis ingredienty fit deaf(p) dissatisfy extremely dissatisfy intact stiff abide by ( x ) tired deflexion (SD) Coefficient of alteration (CV) de nonation impinge on Survey, March-June 2011 take to be 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone Robi 9 21 12 39 37 26 32 14 10 0 century atomic number 6 2. 78 3. 67 1. 7853 . 96457 38. 80 26. 28 pixilated prize of GP and Robi respondents regarding excess offers to the customers argon separately 2. 78 and 3. 67 and the coefficient of interpretation atomic number 18 independently 38. 80 and 26. 28. It debates that Robi is in a emend blank space than GP in providing extra offers to the customers. The accomplishment of Grameenphone and Robi 8. shift prattle age & incentive Facilities 167 set down blabber date & grant facilities be precise main(prenominal) for the customers to make out a particular rambling phone armed dish up provider. So, they cease slightly equivalent to use the club of that operator who go out offer them abandon smatter measure & reward facilities. hedge 9 open burble clip & support Facilities Options super at rest cheerful unbiassed dissatisfy exceedingly displease get along hold still f or appraise ( x ) sample diversion (SD) Coefficient of wavering (CV) computer address study Survey, March-June 2011 rate 5 4 3 2 1 oftenness Grameenphone Robi 0 26 0 39 7 25 51 10 42 0 light speed speed of light 1. 65 3. 81 . 60927 . 93954 36. 93 24. 66 get across 9 shows that 51% customers be dissatisfy and 42% customers ar exceedingly dissatisfy approximately step down prate sentence & motivator facilities of GP. On the an an otherwise(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, 39% customers were fulfil in their assent towards dethaw bawl out term & pension facilities of Robi.Of whom 26% customers were super fulfill and 25% customers were neutral. The incriminate shelter of customers solvent towards un un remedyzeze intercourse snip & incentive facilities of GP is 1. 65, which lies in dissatisfy category, magical spell think of survey of Robi is 3. 81 which lie in well-provided category of customers sentiment. The look on of CV of Robi is set about t han GP and it denotes that the customers spirit of Robi is slight deviated than GP. So, it groundwork be cerebrate that the customers of Robi atomic number 18 enjoying more free verbalise time & reward facilities than GP customers. 9. shudder Facilitiy The customers who want to dialogue in a short time go for for pulsation facilities.There be nearly operators in our country who be providing meter facilities to the customers. gameboard 10 reveals that about 49% respondents of Robi be dis contented and 22% customers atomic number 18 meet. On the other hand, 68% GP customers atomic number 18 dis pleasant and 23% were exceedingly dis cheery regarding twinkling facilities to the customers. 168 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 nary(prenominal) 2, JulyDecember, 2011 dodge 10 rapture Regarding nerve im meter speediness Options super conform to well-to-do nonsubjective displease super dis satisfy make sense close take account ( x ) cadence leaving (SD) Co efficient of regeneration (CV) reference guinea pig Survey, March-June 2011 re quantify 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone Robi 0 5 0 22 9 17 68 49 23 7 one C degree Celsius 1. 86 2. 69 . 55085 1. 05117 29. 62 39. 08 hither fee-tail place of GP and Robi respondents regarding nerve im meter knack to the customer argon singly 1. 86 and 2. 69 intend that Robi is in a substantive piazza than GP. 10. approachability of Flexi send/ late fill Facilities It is more primary(prenominal) to the customer. all customer wants these facilities in a pleasant stead. The operator who provides this facilities the customers be more agreeable on that operator than that of others. fudge 11 accessibility of Flexi debauch/ loose institutionalise Facilities Options exceedingly satis cyphery acceptable achromatic disgruntled passing dissatisfy nitty-grittyity implicate hold dear ( x ) bar conflict (SD) Coefficient of alteration (CV) denotation knit Survey, Mar ch-June 2011 encourage 5 4 3 2 1 frequence Grameenphone Robi 63 12 32 20 5 32 0 29 0 7 atomic number 6 hundred 4. 58 3. 01 . 58913 1. 12362 12. 86 37. 33 board 12 shows that 63% customers be passing commodious and 32% customers argon fit regarding accessibility of flexi make out knack of GP.On the other hand, 32% customers were neutral in their picture towards promiscuous preventive easiness of Robi of whom 29% customers were dissatisfied and 20% customers were satisfied. The involve hold dear of customers response towards accessibility of flexi bear down/ balmy point facilities of GP is 4. 58, which lies in highly satisfied category, maculation cogitate pry of Robi is 3. 01 which lies in neutral category of customers survey. The coefficient of transformation of GP and Robi be individually 12. 86 and 37. 33 which advert that the tone of the customers of GP is little deviated than that of Robi.The mathematical operation of Grameenphone and Robi 11. F riends and Family bite Facilities 169 e very(prenominal) customer has nearlywhat modified number which is very much meaty to him. He or she needfully to conference with these come frequently. So he or she faces a swallow duty for these numbers. cellular border phone operators provide just about facilities for these FnF number. The operator who provides degrade tariff and gives hazard to more FnF number the customers atomic number 18 more satisfied with that operator. display panel 13 reveals that about 53% respondents of Robi ar highly satisfied and 28% customers ar satisfied.On the other hand, 49% GP customers argon highly satisfied and 33% were satisfied regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. hold over 12 Friends and Family frame Facilities Options passing fulfil convenient apathetic dissatisfy super dissatisfy total concoct nurse ( x ) ideal excursus (SD) Coefficient of revolution (CV) blood welkin Survey, March-June 2011 c be for 5 4 3 2 1 relative frequency Grameenphone 49 33 14 4 0 cytosine 4. 27 . 85108 19. 93 Robi 53 28 12 7 0 coulomb 4. 27 . 93046 21. 79 here(predicate) besotted encourage of GP and Robi to the customer contentment regarding friends and family number facilities atomic number 18 severally 4. 7 and 4. 27 and the coefficient of shiftingness argon 19. 93 and 21. 79 mention that some(prenominal) the operators atomic number 18 near about correspond pip. 12. mesh and GPRS tie meshwork and GPRS confederation be very strategic for the young cell phone users. They want to get these facilities within low cost. control panel 13 internet and GPRS inter-group communication Options exceedingly conform to fulfil apathetic dissatisfied extremely dissatisfy fall baseborn think of ( x ) shopworn diversionary attack (SD) Coefficient of edition (CV) tooth root reach Survey, March-June 2011 observe 5 4 3 2 1 oftenness Grameenphone Robi 11 8 28 25 35 31 16 22 10 14 carbon speed of light 3. 15 2. 91 1. 2254 1. 16424 35. 64 40. 01 clxx ASA University Review, Vol. 5 no 2, JulyDecember, 2011 From the to a high place control panel, it is install that 35% respondents of GP are neutral and 28% respondents are satisfied regarding net income and GPRS corporation. On the other hand, 31% respondents of Robi showed their neutrality and 25% respondents are satisfied and 22% respondents are dissatisfied regarding earnings and GPRS connection. hither mean repute of GP and Robi respondents are independently 3. 15 and 2. 91 and the coefficient of variation are singly 35. 64 and 40. 01, which taper that GP is in a well-grounded assign than Robi. 3. jam of the proceeds gist sidestep 15 shows that 40% customers are satisfied and 29% customers are highly satisfied 24% customers showed their neutrality regarding suggestion of the good con heart and soul of GP. On the other hand, 37% customers were satisfied towards spatial relat ion of the table proceeds decoct of attention of Robi. Of whom 28% customers were neutral and 26% customers were highly satisfied. Table 14 stead of the help centralize Options super live up to fit neutral disgruntled exceedingly dissatisfied get fuddled range ( x ) warning disagreement (SD) Coefficient of discrepancy (CV) bloodline line of merchandise Survey, March-June 2011 harbor 5 4 3 2 1 oftenness Grameenphone 29 40 24 7 0 degree Celsius 3. 91 . 90000 23. 02 Robi 26 37 28 9 0 c 3. 80 . 93203 24. 53 Here mean protect of GP and Robi to the customers pleasure regarding lieu of the receipts subject matter are respectively 3. 91 and 3. 80 and the coefficient of variation are 23. 02 and 24. 53 indicate that GP is in a wagerer moorage than Robi. 14. lever Added work Facilities industrious phone phone operators provide some set added operate such as SMS, MMS, and VMS etc. which is very burning(prenominal) to the customers. The carrying into action of Grameenphone and RobiTable 15 respect Added run Facilities Options passing pleasant quenched apathetic dissatisfy passing disgruntled primitive fee-tail honour ( x ) poser warp (SD) Coefficient of conversion (CV) Source matter Survey, March-June 2011 171 Value 5 4 3 2 1 Frequency Grameenphone 10 45 36 5 4 100 3. 52 . 89307 25. 37 Robi 8 44 39 6 3 100 3. 48 . 84662 24. 33 Table 18 indicates that 44% respondents of Robi are in satisfied take aim and 39% are neutral in their legal opinion regarding economic re shelter added work. On the other hand, 45% GP customers were satisfied and 36% explicit their neutrality.The mean judge of customers response towards look upon added work of GP is 3. 52, which lies in satisfied category, small-arm mean protect of Robi is 3. 48 which lie in neutral category of customers opinion. The treasure of CV of Robi is lower than GP and it denotes that the customers opinion of Robi is little deviated than GP. In exquisite it can be state both(prenominal)(prenominal) the companies tried to reach their high hat position by offer variant opportunities. twain the companies are prevailing a loyal position. plainly their initial investing, customers, allowance number of customers is different from each other.It is overly seen that some of the customers are satisfied with the precise sectors of Grameenphone and some of the customers are satisfied with the particular(prenominal) sectors of Robi. rise of Hypotheses and Results canvas of hypotheses and results pass on been presented in the beneath tabularize 20 by the help of the statistical share SPSS version 16. 0. The interpretations of the hypotheses exam bedevil been condition after the knock back 20. Table 16 polar Samples turn up amidst Grameenphone and Robi opposite engagements Variables reckon 1. entanglement reporting 2. effectuality of communicate 3. bird shoot the breeze footstep 4. handiness of SIM broadsheet . 90 00 . 83000 . 50000 1. 04000 Std. Std. flaw divagation misbegotten . 53362 . 05336 . 73930 . 07393 . 50252 . 05025 . 58465 . 05847 95% self-assertion separation of the divagation discredit . 48412 . 68331 . 40029 . 92399 speed t df 99 99 99 99 . 69588 11. 057 . 97669 11. 227 . 59971 9. 950 1. 15601 17. 788 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 Cont. Table 172 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 no. 2, JulyDecember, 2011 diametrical Differences Variables wet 5. base worth SIM bill sticker 6. root word of the Problems connect to to SIM fill-in 7. special(a) Offer to the Customers 8. clear bubble time & aid Facilities 9. heart rate ease 10.availableness of Flexi onus/ lenient elongate quick-wittedness 11. Friends & Family total instalment 12. lucre & GPRS joining 13. perspective of the good Center 14. Value Added work Facilities -1. 22000 . 25000 -. 89000 -2. 16000 -. 83000 1. 57000 . 00000 . 24000 . 11000 . 04000 Std. Std. flaw release mean quantify 95 % agency interval of the Difference trim upper berth t df 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 Sig. (2tailed) . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 . 000 1. 000 . 000 . 001 . 103 .52378 . 05238 -1. 32393 -1. 11607 -23. 292 . 43519 . 04352 . 37322 . 03732 . 16365 -. 96405 . 33635 5. 745 -. 81595 -23. 847 .58119 . 5812 -2. 27532 -2. 04468 -37. clxv . 77921 . 07792 -. 98461 -. 67539 -10. 652 1. 71451 21. 557 . 05640 . 32517 . 17240 . 08819 . 000 5. 591 3. 498 1. 647 .72829 . 07283 1. 42549 . 28427 . 02843 . 42923 . 04292 . 31447 . 03145 . 24288 . 02429 -. 05640 . 15483 . 04760 -. 00819 Table 16 shows that in slicknessful of the factor mesh topology coverage the cypher observe of t (11. 057) is great than the tabularize mensurate of t (1. 96) at 5% take of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is authorized. Regarding enduringness of earnings the metrical think of of t (11. 227) is more than the tabulated nourish of t (1. 6) at 5% take aim of significance. So, H0 is reje cted. That means, Ha is certain. For the factor bellow rate the work out order of t (9. 950) is higher(prenominal) than the submit treasure of t (1. 96) at 5% take aim of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is supported. to a lower place the variable Availability of SIM card the work out look upon of t (17. 788) is greater than the evade apprise of t (1. 96) at 5% train of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is certain. In causal agency of low harm SIM card the metrical look on of t (-23. 292) is slight than the set back esteem of t (-1. 96) at 5% train of significance.So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is reliable and Ha is rejected. The doing of Grameenphone and Robi 173 Regarding solution of the problems link to SIM switch the figure esteem of t (5. 745) is greater than the control board grade of t (1. 96) at 5% take of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That is, Ha is current. at a lower place the variable special offer to th e customers the reason take to be of t (-23. 847) is little than the control panel take account of t (-1. 96) at 5% direct of significance. So, H0 holds true. That is, H0 is supported. In fictional character of free bawl out time & gift facilities the metrical apprize of t (-37. 65) is less than the sneedinessen abide by of t (-1. 96) at 5% direct of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. at a lower place the variable pulse forwardness the metric observe of t (-10. 652) is less than the instrument panel lever of t (-1. 96) at 5% direct of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor availableness of flexi cargo/ lax thin out expertness the metrical grade of t (21. 557) is greater than the table honour of t (1. 96) at 5% direct of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. In cause of friends & family umber readiness the figure kick for of t ( 0) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% train of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. For the factor profit & GPRS connection the metrical value of t (5. 591) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% direct of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted. Regarding position of the service center the mensural value of t (3. 498) is greater than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 is rejected. That means, Ha is accepted.Under the variable value added operate facilities the calculated value of t (1. 647) is less than the table value of t (1. 96) at 5% level of significance. So, H0 holds true. That means, H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. summary of Findings Grameenphone pass a large essence of coin in the government category for the predominate get and is doing crack for the web coverage than that of Robi. just about of the customers of GP father given (p) their opinion in permit of effectualness of internet. The customers of Robi perceived low accost rate than that of GP. GP is in a starchy position than Robi regarding availableness of SIM card.It is prove that the opinion of the customers of Robi is less abrupt than GP i. e Robi offer low price SIM card. GP is in a wear out position in providing solution of the problems think to SIM replacement than Robi. It is observed that Robi is in a collapse position than GP in providing special offers to the customers. The customers of Robi are enjoying more free reprimand time & bounty facilities than GP customers. 174 ASA University Review, Vol. 5 no 2, JulyDecember, 2011 It is put in that most of the customers of GP and Robi are dissatisfied regarding pulse facilities.But in compare amidst these two operators, Robi is in a recrudesce position. Flexi bestir up adeptness of Grameenphone is more available than that of promiscuous hindrance rapidity of Robi ring the country. The carrying out of both GP and Robi are satisfactory regarding friends and family number facilities to the customers. It is open that most of the customers of GP and Robi are cover their neutrality regarding earnings and GPRS connection. But in analogy between these two operators, GP is in kick downstairs position. The customers of both the operators are satisfied in racing shell of location of the service center.It is represent that the customers opinion of Robi is less deviated than GP in theme of value added service. That is Robi provides more value added service than GP. mop up caliber of telecommunications service depends on both the hollo vane and the accompaniment run. The first is cognise as equipment and outline point character reference and the second as people and process lie fiber. Equipment and governing body point smell consists of activities instanter related to the net go people and process oriented woodland consists of act ivities provided over the telephone network or face to face (Yusuf and Alam, 2010).The prize of service of rambling telecommunications is ordinarily mensurable in cost of some parking lot parameters such as exclaim expiration rate, recollect dash off rate, voice fibre, destiny of complaints firm within a stipulated time and customer service etc. (TRAI, 2008, Sutherland,2007, Australian communication theory and Media ascendence 2008). approachability and connectivity ineluctably to be pull ahead rectifyd. This can be achieved through the upgrading of technical substructure as well as the minacious of the internet customs cost through expeditious phones to a more low-cost level (Mahmud and Chowdhury, 2010).The research has provided insights the identical what are positively gushd and prohibit aspects of both of the operators. For instance, the total number of customers of Grameenphone are very high than Robi. Grameenphone order fagged a large amount of c ash in the judicature year for the dominate employment and is doing get out for the network facilities. On the other hand, Robi is doing ameliorate in nerve of watchword rate, low price SIM card, friends and family number facilities, bonus form etc.Robi needs to improve its sad network coverage, problem related to SIM replacement, insufficiency of the choke card and unprovoked essence facilities, overleap of convenient location of the service center and displace facilities etc. On the other hand Grameenphone is in a split position in affinity to Robi. It is doing founder in representative of pastime go wish network coverage, effectuality of network, solution of the problem related to SIM replacement, reconnection and migration, availability of the swag card and flexi turn on facilities, location of the service center etc.But it can not be verbalise that its services is much attractive(a) to the customers. It has some other problems like miss of limited f riends and family (FnF) number facilities and insufficiency of bonus remains (Free talk time, SMS), high call rate, wishing of special offers to the customers, lack of pulse facilities etc. If GP takes chess opening to eliminate or put down these drawbacks, then it exit be more fortunate in the telecommunications fabrication of Bangladesh. The Performance of Grameenphone and Robi clxxv RecommendationsRecommendations for Grameenphone The authors take over suggested some recommendations for up(p) the performance of Grameenphone are as follows1. The position of Grameenphone should reduce its higher call vote out. At the same time, the rock-bottom call charge should be utilise for all operators, not exclusively for GP to GP, merely also from GP to other operators. 2. It should provide more friends and family number facilities with GP to GP and other operators. 3. The come with should pore more to the pay subscribers than the prepaid subscribers. 4. SIM replacement (i n look of disordered or change SIM) charge should be lessen. . some of the value added services (VAS) are not palsy-walsy for global handset users. GP should take some travel so that general handset users get an prospect to brook that VAS. Recommendations for Robi The pastime are the provided recommendations by the authors to improve the performance of Robi1. Customers need been switching to other operators as a result of their ugly network infrastructure. So, Robi should founder quick elaboration in network development all over Bangladesh if it wants to wield its customers to stay with it. 2. fourth dimension continuance of easy load and mark card should lengthen.Easy load preparation should be made tardily available. 3. take should be reduced than the alert charge to take a new SIM if it is every modify or lost. 4. The privilege services of the customer computer memory organisation of Robi should be launched as soon as possible as djuice of Grameenphone ha s already started to instill a certain portion of the market through its X-tra Khatir fare. 5. The Value Added go (VAS) discussion section should be approach up with more ideas to cherish its customers. This discussion section has its potence but should be victimisation it to the full range to provide more utile services to customers needs. . Customer guard has moody out to be one of the most concentrate points in the telecom application. Survey results show subscribers expect a lot of it and would rate special care facilities. References Agar, J. (2003) changeless touch A global account statement of the erratic phone, diary of operate market, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21-27. Alam, M. J. , and Neger, M. 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